Hydraulic jack



June 5, 1951 R, w, RONAN Y 4 `2,555,421

HYDRAULIC JACK Filed sept. 19, 1947 2 sheets-sheet 1 A tmrlleys R. WvRONAN HYDRAULIC JACK June 5, 1951 n w 6 0 m m .w w .1 f M L .2 m R ww...5., b @n @N @N www R. @u Sw q HWIMI H m Q l G l h5 nm m 7 9 1 v 9 1 Lm. 1w Y H.. Dr

Patented June 5, 1951 UNITED STATES PATEuNT QFFICE 2,555,421 HYDRAULICJACK Rudolph W. Ronan, Minneapolis, Minn. Application september 19,1947,serial No. 774,934

rThis invention relates to a combination hydraulic tool which, withadapter units combines toI form a rivet setter, metal punch, metalcutting tool, wrench, clamp or vice and numerous other tools, all `ofwhich are capable of being operated by manual manipulation for exertinga force on a movablework engaging element of the tool, far greater thancan be manually applied with conventional hand tools for similarpurposes.

More particularly, itis an object of the present invention to provide amanually manipulated hydraulic tool having a handle or body portioncontaining a manually actuated pump for the actuation of a hydraulic ramfor applying force to one element of a work engaging unit capable ofbeing demountably attached to said handle portion. d

Still a further object of the invention is to provide a tool ofextremely simple construction capable of being readily manipulated bythe thumb and iingers of the hand by which the tool handle is grippedfor advancing or retracting the work engaging element of the tool withrespect to the work.

Various other objects and advantages of the invention will hereinafterbecomemore fully apparent from the following description of thedrawings, illustrating preferred embodiments thereof, and wherein: l

Figure l is a side elevational view showing the tool assembled for useas a rivet setter;

Figure 2 is a top plan viewthereof; v

Figure 3 is a crossrsectional view of the same taken substantially alonga plane as indicated by the lines 3--3 of Figure l; y

Figure l is a longitudinal sectional view of thetool taken substantiallyalong a plane as indicated by the lines Iii-l of Figure 2;

Figure 5y is a view similar to Figure 2 showing the tool equipped withan adapter unit for use as a cutter; l d

Figure 5` is a side elevational view of said cutter adapter unit; l

d Figures '7 and 8 are sectional views thereof taken substantially alongplanes as indicated by the lines 'i-l and 8 8, respectively of Figure 6,and I Figure 9 is a fragmentary sectional view of a partof the hydraulicsystem. y

`l'teferring morespeciiically to the drawings, the combination hydraulictool in its entirety is designated generally Iii and includes ahollowelon gated Aand preferably tubular handle portion, designated'generally il which is divided by 2 Claims. (Cl. Gti- 52) spaced wallsor partitions i2 and i3 into a forward chamber ifi, an intermediatechamber l5 and an outer or rear chamber i6.

The forward, cylindrical chamber Ill contains a piston or ram Il towhich is connected a piston or push rod i8 which extends forwardlytherefrom reciprocally through an opening in the forward end of thehandle il. An expansion coiled spring i@ contained within the chamber orcylinder it between its forward end and. the ram or piston il for urgingthe latter inwardly or rearwardly of said chamber or toward the Wall i2.

The intermediate chamber l5 contains an axially disposed sleeve 20 whichextends between the walls i2 and I3 and which may be formed integraltherewith; said sleeve forming a pump cylinder and having a pump piston2| reciprocally disposed therein and providedwith a rearwardly extendingpumprod 22 which extends reciprocally through a bushing or stuffing box23 which is threadedly and detachably mounted in the open, rear end ofthe pump cylinder 2l). [in expansion coiled spring 2li is disposedwithin the cylinder 2li between the Wall l2 and pump piston 2l for`urging the latter rearwardly or toward the bushing 23,

The handle chamber I is provided with a longitudinally disposed slot 25for accommodating a lever 2t which is disposed longitudinally of thehandle andwhich is provided, adjacent its forward end, with a lateralextension 2'! which extends inwardly with respect to said chamber iiifrom the inner edge of the lever 25 and which is disposed substantiallyat right angle to the longitudinal axis of said lever. The lever 2 isp-ivotally mounted on the handle il by pivot pin 2'8 which extendsloosely through the apex thereof and which is secured in portions of thewall of the handle deiining the chamber i6. The lever extension El isprovided adjacent its inner, free end and along its forward edge with anapertured ear 29, the aperture of which is adapted to loosely engagewith `the rear end of the pump rod 22. The forward end of the lever 26,beyond the extension 2i has an inwardly facing shoulder 3d forming astop for engagement with the outer side of the wail of the handle Il,forwardly of the slot 25, for limiting the outward swinging movementofthe lever 2Q relatively to the handle ii in response to the action ofthe spring 24 thereon as exerted through the Apump rod 22 and uso thatsaid levez' A` ill be normally disposed as seen inFigures 1 andfl tobemanually pressed inwardly `of the chamber i5 by gripping action onthehandle l! to thereby rock its extension 2l forwardly for forcing thepump rod 22 and piston 2l forwardly of the pump cylinder 25 and againstthe action of the spring 24. The loose engagement of the aperture of theear 29 with the pump rod 22 will permit said pump rod to slide freely inthe bushing 23 without binding engagement therewith.

The chamber i constitutes a storage chamber for an hydraulic fluid`indicated at 3i and the cylinder is provided with a port 32, adjacentits forward end, provides with an inwardly opening flap valve 33 bywhich the fluid 3l may enter the forward end of the cylinder from thestorage chamber i5 when the piston 2| is moved rearwardly by action ofthe spring 24 creating a vacuum in the forward end of the pump cylinder25. The wall I2 is provided with an opening 34 forming the outlet portof the cylinder 25 and constituting a communicating passage between saidcylinder and the chamber I4 and which is closed by a flap valve 35,located on the forward side of the wall i2 and is constructed andarranged to open in response to pressure in the cylinder 20 for passageof the uid 3i therefrom into the chamber I4 but which will close inresponse to a pressure in the chamber I4 to prevent flow through theport 3d from `chamber i4 toward pump cylinder 20.

As best illustrated in Figure 9, the upper portion of the wall l2 isprovided with a port 35 for return flow of the hydraulic liquid lli fromthe chamber i4 to the storage chamber i5 and which port is normallyclosed by the head of a valve 3'! having a stem extending reciprocallythrough a portion of the handle l i and carrying spring 58 *if whichbears against a thumb rest on the outer end of said stem for normallyholding the valve in its closed position of Figures 4 and 9 so that saidvalve may be manually depressed by the thumb ofthe hand engaging thehandle i i for exposingv the port 36.

The handle ii at its forward end and preferably at the side thereofopposite to the slot 25 is provided with spaced radially projecting ears35,

as best seen in Figure 2, for receiving there between the restrictedshank end of the shank 4l of a tool head 42 which also includes a fixedjaw 43, preferably formed integral with the outer, free end of the shank4i and which is disposed substantially at a right angle thereto and inopposed relationship -to the forward end of the handle Il. The shankportion 45 is detachably secured between the ears 39 by removable screwfastenings 44. The head 42 also includes a movable jaw 45 which isdisposed between the jaw 43 and the handle Il and which includes asleeve portion 45 at one end thereof which slidably engages the shank 4!for slidably mounting said jaw 45 in opposed relationship to the jaw 43.The jaw 45 is provided with a rearwardly opening Vsocket 4l, as bestseen in Figure 4, for receiving the forward end of the push rod iB whichis detachably connected theretol by pin 48, so that the jaw 45 will moveforwardly and rearwardly in unison with the ram or piston Il.Y

The opposed faces of the jaws 43 and 45 are .preferably provided withdetachable sections 49 4 the opening 52 for receiving, detachablytherein, a rivet setter 55 which, in cooperation with the anvil head isadapted for setting rivets disposed between the jaws and in alignmentwith the parts 53 and 55. Y

From the preceding description theoperation of the tool will be readilyapparent. To advance the jaw 45 relatively to the jaw 45 for setting arivet, the hand grasping handle Il is Yemployed for exerting a squeezingaction on the lever 26 for rocking it inwardly to thereby advance thepiston 2l for expelling the hydraulic liquid 3| from the cylinder 20through the port 34 into the chamber i4. This operation is repeateduntil the piston or ram il is advanced sufciently to move the jaw i5 asufcient distance for setting the rivet. The pumping operation isaccomplished after squeezing the lever Z6 by releasing the pressurethereon so that the spring 24 can return the lever and parts to theirpositions of Figure 4 whereby additional fluid is drawn into the forwardend of the pump cylinder 2l, as previousll7 described. After the rivethas been set, the jaw 45 and rivet setter 55 are retracted by exertingpressure on the thumb rest of the valve 3l with the thumb of the handengaging the handle Vii for opening the valve to exposed port 55allowing the hydraulic fluid 3| to be bypassed back to the storagechamber i5 as the spring i9 reacts to return the ram il to its positionof Figure 4.

It will be readily apparent that the head 42 may be detached by movingthe fastenings 44 and another head or adapter unit for accomplishing adifferent purpose may be substituted therefor,

as for example the head 5l of Figure 5 including l a shank 53 whichdiners from the shank 4i only in that it is of substantially the samewidth throughout its length and which is provided with a fixed head 55,disposed similarly to the jaw 43, as seen in Figure 6 but the inner edge55 of which is sharpened to form a cutting edge. The head 5'! alsoincludes a moveable blade el mounted on the shank 58 in the same mannerthat the jaw 45 is mounted on the shank 4i and which is provided with acutting edge 52 for cooperation with the cutting edge 55 when the blade6l is advanced toward the blade 59 by operation of the ram il, aspreviously described. The edges 6i! and 5l are preferably disposed inoutwardly diverging relationship for executing a shearing cut and theblade 5i is provided with a socket 53 for the same purpose as the socket47.

It will likewise be readily apparent that by removing the fastenings 44and 48 that other adapter heads or units could be utilized with thehandle li for providing a vise or clamp, a punch, pliers, pipe wrench orother type of tool, capable of being operated by hydraulic means. Itwill liken wise be readily apparent that by manipulation of the lever 25and valve 3l that with the proper adapter head the tool will effectivelyfunction as a plier or pipe wrench.

Various other modifications and changes are likewise contemplated andmay obviously be resorted to, without departing from the spirit or scopeof the invention as hereinafter dened by the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. A hydraulic motor for a hand tool comprisfing an elongated hollowtool handle having a forward ram chamber, a ram reciprocally mounted inthe ram chamber, a tool jaw actuating push rod secured to the ram andextending reciprocally through the forward end of the ram chamber, aspring for urging the ram and push rod toward the inner, rear end of theram chamber; said handle having a storage chamber containing a hydraulicfluid disposed behind the ram chamber; .a reciprocating type pumpincluding a pump cylinder extending longitudinally through the storagechamber and having a piston reciprocally mounted therein, a dischargeport connecting the forward end of the pump cylinder to the rear end ofthe ram chamber and having a one way valve for passage of the hydraulicuid only in a direction through the port toward the ram chamber, apartition in the hollow handle separating the ram chamber from thestorage chamber and pump cylinder and in which the discharge port isformed, an inlet port in the pump cylinder directly connecting the pumpcylinder and storage chamber, a one way valve at the inner end of theinlet port for passage of the hydraulic fluid only into the pumpcylinder from the storage chamber, a pump spring disposed in the forwardend of the pump cylinder for urging the pump piston toward a retractedposition and for drawing the hydraulic fluid into the pump cylinderthrough said inlet port and forwardly of the pump piston; a leverpivotally connected to the handle and partially disposed thereinrearwardly of the storage chamber, and a piston rod connecting the leverand pump piston and disposed entirely within the handle .andlongitudinally thereof, said lever being swung outwardly of the handleby the movement of the piston rod under the biasing action of the pumpspring for drawing the hydraulic iiuid into the pump cylinder and beingadapted to be swung inwardly by a gripping pressure on the tool handleand lever for projecting the pump piston forwardly in the pump cylinderto expel the hydraulic fluid from the cylinder into the ram chamber forprojecting the ram and push rod.

2. A hydraulic motor as in claim l, a bypass port for bypassing thehydraulic iluid from the ram chamber back to the storage chamber, anormally closed valve for the bypass port having a portion disposedexternally of the handle and positioned to be engaged by a nger of thehand grasping the handle to operate the lever for moving the bypassvalve to an open position.

RUDOLPH W. RONAN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 343,780 Tewksbury June 15, 18861,721,189 Schekall et al. July 16, 1929 2,044,044 Anthony June 16, 19362,072,088 Dysart M-ar. 2, 1937 2,096,574 Denny Oct. 19, 1937 2,107,970Wells Feb. 8, 1938 2,195,045 Bernay Mar. 26, 1940 2,257,245 RudolphSept. 30, 1941 2,440,060 Page Apr. 20, 1948

